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Regarding the small intestine what is the functional unit. Why is it beneficial?

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The functional unit of the small intestine is called villus. It is a tiny, finger-like projection that obtrudes from the epithelial coating of the intestinal wall. It increases the internal surface area of the intestinal walls providing an extremely efficient absorption of nutrients in the lumen. Visit http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intestinal_villus for more details.

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Small intestine is wear all the nutrients of the food and drink we eat are absorbed by the body. As bolus moves down the small intestine it then moves into large intestine and turns into feces

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