fur·ther (fûŕTHər)

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[Middle English, from Old English furthra, from furthor, farther, Adv., from Middle English, from Old English furthor.]

adjective 

1. More distant in degree, time, or space: a result that was further from our expectations than last time; the further lamppost.
2. Additional: a further example; a further delay.

adverb 

1. To a greater extent; more: considered further the consequences of her actions.
2. In addition; furthermore: He stated further that he would not cooperate with the committee.
3. At or to a more distant or advanced point: went only three miles further; reading five pages further tonight. See Usage Note at: farther

transitive verb: -thered, -ther·ing, -thers. 

To help the progress of; advance. See synonyms at advance

derivatives

fuŕther·er

noun

far (fär)

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[Middle English, from Old English feor.]

adverb: far·ther (fäŕTHər) or fur·ther (fûŕTHər), far·thest (fäŕTHĭst) or fur·thest (fûŕTHĭst) 

1. To, from, or at considerable distance: a cat that had strayed far from home.
2. To or at a specific distance, degree, or position: Just how far are you taking this argument?
3. To a considerable degree; much: felt far better yesterday; eyes that seemed far too close together.
4. Not at all; anything but: seems far from content; a test of strength that was far from a failure.
5. To an advanced point or stage: a brilliant student who will go far.

adjective: farther or further, farthest or furthest 

1. 1. Being at considerable distance; remote: a far country.
   2. Going back a considerable extent in time: the far past.
2. More distant than another: the far corner.
3. Extensive or lengthy: a far trek.
4. Far-seeing and comprehensive in thought or outlook: a commander of far vision.
5. Marked by political views of the most advanced or extreme nature: the far right; the far left.
6. Being on the right side of an animal or a vehicle.
7. Being the animal or vehicle on the right.

idioms

by far

To the most extreme or evident degree: She is by far the best executive in the company.

far and away

By a great margin: “That made him, far and away, the best known of the Democrats who started the presidential race this year” (Tom Wicker)

far and wide

Everywhere: looked far and wide for the lost puppy.

far cry

A long way: The climate in Alaska is a far cry from that of Florida.

how far

To what degree, distance, or extent: didn't know how far to believe them; tried to decide how far she could ski in such cold.

so far

Up to the present moment: So far there's been no word from them. To a limited extent: You can go only so far on five dollars.

thus far

Up to this point; so far: Our success has been limited thus far.