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# What is Newton's law of universal gravitation?

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Newton's law of universal gravitation states that the force of gravity is a universal force between all objects proportional to both masses and the square of the distance between them. This law can be expressed with the equation F₁₂ (m¹ * m²) / d².

Newton's law of universal gravitation was later improved by the addition of the gravitational constant, G, so the equation can be written as F = (G * m¹* m²) / d² where G is the gravitational constant (6.673 x 10-¹¹ N m²/kg²). The gravitational constant was determined by Henry Cavendish more than 100 years after Newton's law. By using the equation combining Newton's law of proportionality with the gravitational constant, the gravitational force between any two objects can be determined.

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Isaac Newton's theory of gravity states that every particle in the universe attracts every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. The law is represented as: F=G (m1m2)/R.

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The law of the pendulum, discovered by Galileo Galilei, states that swinging objects follow the same path and have a period between swings that remains constant. Galileo attracted immediate attention for the discovery, which was later used in clock regulation.

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Newton's first law states, "Every object persists in its state of rest or uniform motion in a straight line unless it is compelled to change that state by forces impressed on it." A more colloquial way of saying it is "an object in motion stays in motion."