City of Wellington (New Zealand electorate)

Wellington (originally City of Wellington), was a parliamentary electorate in Wellington, New Zealand. It existed from 1853 to 1905 with a break in the 1880s. It was a multi-member electorate. The electorate was represented, over the years, by 24 Members of Parliament.^[1]

Table of Contents

1	History
2	Members of Parliament
	2.1	Three-member electorate (1853-1871)
	2.2	Two-member electorate (1871-1881)
	2.3	Three-member electorate (1890-1905)
3	Election results
	3.1	1890 election
	3.2	1893 election
	3.3	1896 election
	3.4	1899 election
	3.5	1902 election
4	References

History [edit]

The electorate was one of the original electorates used in the 1853 election for the 1st New Zealand Parliament. During the period until 1871, Wellington was a three-member electorate.

In 1858, Isaac Featherston and William Fitzherbert resigned their seats in Parliament.^[2] Featherston apparently wanted to return to England.^[3] Instead, he successfully stood for re-election within months. The other person returned in the same by-election was William Barnard Rhodes.^[4]

The election for the 3rd Parliament was held on 11 December 1860,^[5] with the announcement of the official results on 15 December.^[6]

Members of Parliament [edit]

Key

Independent Liberal

Three-member electorate (1853-1871) [edit]

Election
1853 election	Charles Clifford	Robert Hart	James Kelham
1855 election		Isaac Featherston	William Fitzherbert
1858 by-election		Isaac Featherston	William Rhodes
1860 election	William Taylor^[7]		William Rhodes
1866 election	William Taylor^[7]		Charles Borlase^[8]

Two-member electorate (1871-1881) [edit]

Election
1871 election	George Hunter	Edward Pearce^[9]
1875 election		Edward Pearce^[9]
1877 by-election		William Travers
1878 by-election		George Elliott Barton^[10]
1879 election	William Hutchison^[11]	William Levin^[12]

Three-member electorate (1890-1905) [edit]

From 1881 to 1890, the Wellington electorate was replaced by three separate electorates: Te Aro and Thorndon during the whole nine years, and Wellington South (until 1887) then Wellington East (1887-1890)

Election
1890 election	George Fisher	Thomas Macdonald^[13]	John Duthie
1892 by-election	George Fisher	William McLean^[14]
1893 election	Francis Bell	Robert Stout
1896 election	George Fisher	Robert Stout	John Hutcheson
1898 by-election^[15]		John Duthie	John Hutcheson
1899 by-election		John Duthie	John Hutcheson
1899 election		Arthur Atkinson	John Hutcheson
1902 election		John Duthie	John Aitken
1905 by-election	Francis Fisher	John Duthie	John Aitken

In 1905 the Wellington electorate was again replaced by three electorates: Wellington Central, Wellington East and Wellington North. In the 1905 election, all three Wellington incumbents stood in the new electorates, with Fisher and Aitken winning in Central and East respectively, while Duthie lost to Charles Izard in Wellington North - ending his parliamentary career.

Election results [edit]

1890 election [edit]

New Zealand general election, 1890^[16]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	George Fisher	2,828
	Independent	John Duthie	2,779
	Liberal	Kennedy Macdonald	2,482
	Independent	Francis Bell	2,299
	Liberal	E G Jellicoe	1,921
	Liberal	Francis Fraser	1,755
	Liberal	W McLean	1,060
	Liberal	R Winter	716
Majority			183
Total votes			15,816
Registered electors			8,786

1893 election [edit]

New Zealand general election, 1893^[17]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	Robert Stout	6,218	46.73
	Independent	Francis Bell	5,773	43.39
	Independent	John Duthie	4,840	36.37
	Liberal	Kennedy Macdonald	3,863	29.03
	Liberal	Francis Fraser	3,729	28.02
	Independent	Harry Vogel	3,606	27.10
	Liberal	W McLean	3,438	25.84
	Liberal	George Fisher	2,385	17.92
	Independent	Thomas Dwan	1,157	8.70
	Independent	William Travers	1,093	8.21
Majority			977¹
Informal votes			147
Total votes			36,249
Turnout			13,306 ²	80.66
Registered electors			16,497

1893 was the first election in which women could vote (the electoral act giving women the vote was passed ten weeks prior to the election)^[18]. Electoral returns quantified female enrolment and turnout, and showed women's turnout was higher than men's while women's enrolment was lower.

Participation by gender			%
Female	Turnout	6,146	84.42
Female	Enrolled females	7,280	44.13

Male	Turnout	7,160	77.68
Male	Enrolled males	9,217	55.87

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Duthie - 4,840) and highest losing poll (Mcdonald - 3,863)

² Turnout is total number of voters - as voters had three votes each total votes cast was higher (36,102 valid, and 147 invalid votes)

1896 election [edit]

New Zealand general election, 1896^[19]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Hutcheson	6,411	48.69
	Liberal	Robert Stout	6,306	47.89
	Liberal	George Fisher	5,859	44.49
	Independent	Arthur Atkinson	5,831	44.28
	Independent	C Wilson	5,570	42.30
	Independent	A A S Menteath	5,560	42.22
	Independent	Francis Fraser	1,811	13.75
	Independent	J J K Powell	185	1.40
	Independent	A Warburton	91	0.69
Majority			28 ¹	0.21
Total votes			37,624
Turnout			13,168 ²	69.77
Registered electors			18,874

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 5,859) and highest losing poll (Atkinson: 5,831)

² Turnout is total number of voters - as voters had three votes each total votes cast was higher (37,624)

1899 election [edit]

New Zealand general election, 1899^[20]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Liberal	John Hutcheson	7,436
	Independent	Arthur Atkinson	6,703
	Liberal	George Fisher	6,442
	Liberal	Kennedy Macdonald	6,320
	Independent	T W Hislop	6,297
	Independent Liberal	E G Jellicoe	4,751
	Liberal	C M Luke	3,812
	Independent Liberal	T Carmichael	1,004
	Independent	W Earnshaw	851
	Independent Liberal	D B Duncan	78
Majority			122¹
Total votes			43,694
Turnout
Registered electors			18,874

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 6,442) and highest losing poll (Macdonald: 6,320)

Participation by gender			%
Female	Turnout	7,080	79.30
Female	Enrolled females	8,928	47.30

Male	Enrolled males	9,946	52.70

1902 election [edit]

New Zealand general election, 1902^[21]
Party		Candidate	Votes	%	±%
	Independent	John Aitken	7,808
	Independent	John Duthie	6,886
	Liberal	George Fisher	6,685
		P J O'Regan	6,304
		Arthur Atkinson	6,094
		J G Findlay	4,764
		James Godber	1,437
		E G Jellicoe	1,384
		D McLaren	1,003
Majority			381¹
Informal votes			328
Total votes			42,365
Turnout
Registered electors			21,218

¹ Majority is difference between lowest winning poll (Fisher: 6,685) and highest losing poll (O'Regan: 6,304)

Participation by gender			%
Female	Turnout	7,312	72.00
Female	Enrolled females	10,155	47.86

Male	Enrolled males	11,063	52.14

References [edit]

^ Wilson, James Oakley (1985) [First ed. published 1913]. New Zealand parliamentary record, 1840-1984 (4 ed.). Wellington: V.R. Ward, Govt. Printer. OCLC 154283103. |accessdate= requires |url= (help)
^ "HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES.". Otago Witness. Issue 340, 5 June 1858. p. 5. Retrieved 30 April 2010.
^ Hamer, David (updated 22 June 2007). "Featherston, Isaac Earl 1813 - 1876". Dictionary of New Zealand Biography. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
^ "Wellington". Hawke's Bay Herald. Volume 1, Issue 47, 14 August 1858. p. 2. Retrieved 3 July 2010.
^ "SUMMARY FOR Europe & Australia". Wellington Independent. Volume XV, Issue 1478, 7 December 1860. p. 5. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
^ "Declaration of the Poll". Wellington Independent. Volume XV, Issue 1481, 18 December 1860. p. 2. Retrieved 29 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Waring Taylor". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Charles Bonythorne Borlase". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Edward Pearce". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. George Elliott Barton". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Hutchison". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. William Hort Levin". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Mr. Thomas Kennedy Macdonald". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ Cyclopedia Company Limited (1897). "Wellington Ex-Members Of The House Of Representatives". The Cyclopedia of New Zealand : Wellington Provincial District. Wellington. Retrieved 20 June 2010.
^ "The Wellington City Election". Wanganui Herald, Volume XXXII, Issue 9384. 10 March 1898. p. 2. Retrieved 22 August 2011.
^ "New Zealand General Election, 1890". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1891 Session I, H-02. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ "New Zealand General Election, 1893". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1894 Session I, H-19. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ Electoral Act, 1893
^ "The Wellington Election". Clutha Leader, Volume XXVI, Issue 1319. 28 July 1899. p. 5. Retrieved 26 August 2011.
^ "New Zealand General Election, 1899". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1900 Session I, H-26. Retrieved 15 May 2013.
^ "New Zealand General Election, 1902". Appendix to the Journals of the House of Representatives, 1903 Session I, H-26. Retrieved 15 May 2013.

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